Khi nhắc đến mệnh đề IF, chúng ta khá quen thuộc với các cấu trúc về IF, như if loại 1, 2 và 3. Bài hôm nay chúng ta sẽ đi sâu vào các cấu trúc đặc biệt mệnh đề IF 2 và 3. Các bạn cùng Station20s tìm hiểu nhé!
Câu điều kiện loại 2 là loại câu được sử dụng khi chúng ta muốn giả định lại sự việc ở hiện tại. Lấy ví dụ 1 câu sau đây:
If you didn’t help me, I would get a bad mark in the exam.
Từ câu trên, chúng ta có thể mở rộng bằng cách mượn một số cấu trúc đặc biệt từ các câu bên dưới:
Bây giờ chúng ta sẽ đổi lại với các cấu trúc đặc biệt mệnh đề IF phía trên nhé:
a. If it weren’t for Noun/ V-ing, S would V-bare
* If it weren’t for your help, I would get a bad mark in the exam
(Nếu không phải bạn giúp đỡ, giờ tôi đã bị điểm kém rồi)
b. If it weren’t for the fact that + S + V-ed, S + would/could/might/… + V
* If it weren’t for the fact that you helped me, I would get a bad mark
c. But for + N/V-ing, S + would/could/might/… + V
*But for your help, I would get a bad mark.
*But for: Nếu không phải vì…
d. Were S + (not) To Verb, S would/ could..+ V-bare
* Were you not to help me, I would get a bad mark in the exam.
Các bạn thấy dễ không? Bây giờ chúng ta tới câu điều kiện loại 3 nhé.
Xem Thêm: Cách Phân Biệt Another/ Other/ The Other Hiệu Quả Trong Tiếng Anh
Câu điều kiện loại 3 dùng giả định lại một sự việc diễn ra trong quá khứ. Lấy ví dụ:
If I had learnt English well, I would not have failed the entrance exam
Nếu ngày trước tôi học tiếng Anh tốt, tôi sẽ không bị rớt đại học.
Chúng ta cùng xem một số cấu trúc đặc biệt của If-3 và cùng áp dụng cho câu ví dụ trên nhé:
? Bây giờ chúng ta cùng đổi:
a. If it hadn’t been for + N/V-ing, S + would/could/might/… + have V3/-ed
* If it hadn’t been for not learning English well, I would not have failed the entrance exam
b. If it hadn’t been for the fact that + S + V3/-ed, S + would/could/.. + have V3/-ed
* If it hadn’t been for the fact that I hadn’t learnt English well, I would not have failed the entrance exam
c. But for + N/V-ing, S + would/could/might/… + have V3/-ed
* But for not learning English well, I would not have failed the entrance exam
d. Had it not been for N/ V-ing, S + would/ could..+ have V3/-ed
* Had it not been for not learning English well, I would not have failed the entrance exam.
Trên đây là một số câu tổng hợp về các loại cấu trúc đặc biệt mệnh đề IF-2,3. Hi vọng sẽ giúp được các bạn nhé. Ngoài ra, S20 còn tặng bạn một số dạng bài tập tăng cường để luyện tập, hiểu rõ cũng như nhớ cách sử dụng của các cấu trúc đặc biệt mệnh đề IF này nhé.
A – Viết câu với từ cho sẵn
1. It would have been a superb weekend if the weather had been better
But…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Lona loaned him millions VND, he could afford to buy a house in district 2
If it hadn’t been for the fact that………………………………………………………………………………………….
3. I didn’t know when he flew back to the US, so I didn’t see him off at the airport
If it hadn’t been for………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. My sister encouraged me and I took risk to run a business
Had it not been for………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. I learn German and I study abroad in Europe.
If it weren’t for…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. You called me, I did not miss the test
Had it not been for……………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. He was absent yesterday and he was eliminated from the competition.
But for……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
8. You supported me and I won the crow
If it had not been for………………………………………………………………………………………….
9. You gave me a chance to become an actor and I was famous
Had it not been for……………………………………………………………………………………………
10. The weather was snowy and we did not go to school last year.
But for……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
11. If I __________ (win) a big prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job
Were I to………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
B – Đáp Án
1. It would have been a superb weekend if the weather had been better
But for the bad weather, I would have been a superb weekend.
2. Lona loaned him millions VND, he could afford to buy the house in district 2
If it hadn’t been for the fact that Loan had loaned him millions VNĐ, he coulnd’t have afforded to buy the house in district 2.
3. I didn’t know when he flew back to the US, so I didn’t see him off at the airport
If it hadn’t been for not knowing when he flew back to the US, I would have seen him off at the airport.
4. My sister encouraged me and I took risk to run a business
Had it not been for my sister’s encouragement, I wouldn’t have taken risk to run a business.
5. I learn German and I study abroad in Europe.
If it weren’t for learning German, I wouldn’t study abroad in Europe
6. You called me, I did not miss the test
Had it not been for your calling, I would have missed the test.
7. He was absent yesterday and he was eliminated from the competition.
But for his absence, he wouldn’t have been eliminated from the competition
8. You supported me and I won the crow
If it had not been for your support, I wouldn’t have won the crow
9. You gave me a chance and I was famous
Had it not been for the chance you gave, I wouldn’t have been famous
10. The weather was snowy and we did not go to school last year.
But for the snowy weather, we would have gone to school last year
11. If I won a big prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job
Were I to win a big prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job.
Thùy Dương
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